Human Intelligence Collector Operations

HUMINT collection activities include three general categories: screening, interrogation, and debriefing. In some cases these may be distinguished by legal distinctions between source categories such as between interrogation and debriefing. In others, the distinction is in the purpose of the questioning. Regardless of the type of activity, or goal of the collection effort, HUMINT collection operations must be characterized by effective support, planning, and management. _____________

Part Two discusses HUMINT collection as it pertains to MSO. The Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) has established a DOD-wide HUMINT Enterprise consisting of the following executors: The Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSDOSDOffice of the Secretary of Defense), the Combatant Commands (COCOMs), the Military Departments, the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA). All Defense HUMINT Enterprise executors support and satisfy Defense requirements by employing their available resources and capabilities. MSO refer to the collection of foreign military and military-related intelligence by humans from humans. MSO are conducted under SECDEF authorities, to satisfy DOD needs in compliance with DOD policy. Within the Army, MSO are conducted by trained personnel under the direction of military commanders. These specially trained personnel may employ the entire range of HUMINT collection operations. MSO sources include one-time, continuous, and formal contacts, from contact operations; and sources from interrogations, debriefings, and liaison activities. Each type of MSO activity has specific operational requirements, specific legal restrictions, and operational guidelines. HUMINT collection activities in each of these categories require specific approval, coordination, and review. MSO include human source contact operations, debriefing, liaison, and interrogations. This chapter introduces each of these collection operations. _____________

Part Three discusses the logical progression of phases involved in all HUMINT collection. There are five phases and the related task of screening that are critical to HUMINT collection. This remains consistent with previous doctrine as captured in the interrogation process but adds screening as a phase and combines approach and termination. The five phases are screening, planning and preparation, approach and termination strategies, questioning, and reporting.

Part Four discusses HUMINT analysis and the automation and communication tools needed to support the HUMINT collection effort. HUMINT analysis supports operational planning and provides direction to HUMINT collection operations. Analysts determine if information from a single human source is internally consistent based on factors such as placement and access of source, prior information from the source, and existing holdings. Source analysis is used to determine if the information from a source is complete, truthful, and responsive to collection requirements. Operational analysis consists of those actions taken to determine how to best meet requirements. Modern automation and communications systems are vital to HUMINT collection. Real-time collaboration, detailed operational planning and ISRISRIntelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance integration, as well as enhanced collection and source exploitation tools, must support team efforts. Emerging technology continues to allow the entire HUMINT collection system to operate more effectively. Commanders must be prepared to supply their HUMINT collection assets with the best possible technology. _____________

Members of the medical personnel and chaplains while retained by the Detaining Power with a view to assisting prisoners of war, shall not be considered as prisoners of war. They shall, however, receive as a minimum the benefits and protection of the present Convention, and shall also be granted all facilities necessary to provide for the medical care of, and religious ministration to, prisoners of war. They shall continue to exercise their medical and spiritual functions for the benefit of prisoners of war, preferably those belonging to the armed forces upon which they depend, within the scope of the military laws and regulations of the Detaining Power and under the control of its competent services, in accordance with their professional etiquette. They shall also benefit by the following facilities in the exercise of their medical or spiritual functions:

ARTICLE 34 Prisoners of war shall enjoy complete latitude in the exercise of their religious duties, including attendance at the service of their faith, on condition that they comply with the disciplinary routine prescribed by the military authorities. Adequate premises shall be provided where religious services may be held. ARTICLE 35 Chaplains who fall into the hands of the enemy Power and who remain or are retained with a view to assisting prisoners of war, shall be allowed to minister to them and to exercise freely their ministry amongst prisoners of war of the same religion, in accordance with their religious conscience. They shall be allocated among the various camps and labor detachments containing prisoners of war belonging to the same forces, speaking the same language or practicing the same religion. They shall enjoy the necessary facilities, including the means of transport provided for in Article 33, for visiting the prisoners of war outside their camp. They shall be free to correspond, subject to censorship, on matters concerning their religious duties with the ecclesiastical authorities in the country of detention and with international religious organizations. Letters and cards which they may send for this purpose shall be in addition to the quota provided for in Article 71. ARTICLE 36 Prisoners of war who are ministers of religion, without having officiated as chaplains to their own forces, shall be at liberty, whatever their denomination, to minister freely to the members of their community. For this purpose, they shall receive the same treatment as the chaplains retained by the Detaining Power. They shall not be obliged to do any other work. ARTICLE 37 When prisoners of war have not the assistance of a retained chaplain or of a prisoner of war minister of their faith, a minister belonging to the prisoners' or a similar denomination, or in his absence a qualified layman, if such a course is feasible from a confessional point of view, shall be appointed, at the request of the prisoners concerned, to fill this office. This appointment, subject to the approval of the Detaining Power, shall take place with the agreement of the community of prisoners concerned and, wherever necessary, with the approval of the local religious authorities of the same faith. The person thus appointed shall comply with all regulations established by the Detaining Power in the interests of discipline and military security. ARTICLE 38 While respecting the individual preferences of every prisoner, the Detaining Power shall encourage the practice of intellectual, educational, and recreational pursuits, sports and games amongst prisoners, and shall take the measures necessary to ensure the exercise thereof by providing them with adequate premises and necessary equipment. Prisoners shall have opportunities for taking physical exercise, including sports and games, and for being out of doors. Sufficient open spaces shall be provided for this purpose in all camps.

Every prisoner of war camp shall be put under the immediate authority of a responsible commissioned officer belonging to the regular armed forces of the Detaining Power. Such officer shall have in his possession a copy of the present Convention; he shall ensure that its provisions are known to the camp staff and the guard and shall be responsible, under the direction of his government, for its application. Prisoners of war, with the exception of officers, must salute and show to all officers of the Detaining Power the external marks of respect provided for by the regulations applying in their own forces. Officer prisoners of war are bound to salute only officers of a higher rank of the Detaining Power; they must, however, salute the camp commander regardless of his rank. ARTICLE 40 The wearing of badges of rank and nationality, as well as of decorations, shall be permitted. ARTICLE 41 In every camp the text of the present Convention and its Annexes and the contents of any special agreement provided for in Article 6, shall be posted, in the prisoners' own language, at places where all may read them. Copies shall be supplied, on request, to the prisoners who cannot have access to the copy which has been posted. Regulations, orders, notices and publications of every kind relating to the conduct of prisoners of war shall be issued to them in a language which they understand. Such regulations, orders and publications shall be posted in the manner described above and copies shall be handed to the prisoners' representative. Every order and command addressed to prisoners of war individually must likewise be given in a language which they understand. ARTICLE 42 The use of weapons against prisoners of war, especially against those who are escaping or attempting to escape, shall constitute an extreme measure, which shall always be preceded by warnings appropriate to the circumstances.

Upon the outbreak of hostilities, the Parties to the conflict shall communicate to one another the titles and ranks of all the persons mentioned in Article 4 of the present Convention, in order to ensure equality of treatment between prisoners of equivalent rank. Titles and ranks which are subsequently created shall form the subject of similar communications. The Detaining Power shall recognize promotions in rank which have been accorded to prisoners of war and which have been duly notified by the Power on which these prisoners depend. ARTICLE 44 Officers and prisoners of equivalent status shall be treated with the regard due to their rank and age. In order to ensure service in officers' camps, other ranks of the same armed forces who, as far as possible, speak the same language, shall be assigned in sufficient numbers, account being taken of the rank of officers and prisoners of equivalent status. Such orderlies shall not be required to perform any other work. Supervision of the mess by the officers themselves shall be facilitated in every way. ARTICLE 45 Prisoners of war other than officers and prisoners of equivalent status shall be treated with the regard due to their rank and age. Supervision of the mess by the prisoners themselves shall be facilitated in every way.

ARTICLE 46 The Detaining Power, when deciding upon the transfer of prisoners of war, shall take into account the interests of the prisoners themselves, more especially so as not to increase the difficulty of their repatriation. The transfer of prisoners of war shall always be effected humanely and in conditions not less favorable than those under which the forces of the Detaining Power are transferred. Account shall always be taken of the climatic conditions to which the prisoners of war are accustomed and the conditions of transfer shall in no case be prejudicial to their health. The Detaining Power shall supply prisoners of war during transfer with sufficient food and drinking water to keep them in good health, likewise with the necessary clothing, shelter and medical attention. The Detaining Power shall take adequate precautions especially in case of transport by sea or by air, to ensure their safety during transfer, and shall draw up a complete list of all transferred prisoners before their departure. ARTICLE 47 Sick or wounded prisoners of war shall not be transferred as long as their recovery may be endangered by the journey, unless their safety imperatively demands it. If the combat zone draws closer to a camp, the prisoners of war in the said camp shall not be transferred unless their transfer can be carried out in adequate conditions of safety, or if they are exposed to greater risks by remaining on the spot than by being transferred. ARTICLE 48 In the event of transfer, prisoners of war shall be officially advised of their departure and of their new postal address. Such notifications shall be given in time for them to pack their luggage and inform their next of kin. They shall be allowed to take with them their personal effects, and the correspondence and parcels which have arrived for them. The weight of such baggage may be limited, if the conditions of transfer so require, to what each prisoner can reasonably carry, which shall in no case be more than twenty-five kilograms per head. Mail and parcels addressed to their former camp shall be forwarded to them without delay. The camp commander shall take, in agreement with the prisoners' representative, any measures needed to ensure the transport of the prisoners' community property and of the luggage they are unable to take with them in consequence of restrictions imposed by virtue of the second paragraph of this Article. The costs of transfers shall be borne by the Detaining Power.

ARTICLE 78 Prisoners of war shall have the right to make known to the military authorities in whose power they are, their requests regarding the conditions of captivity to which they are subjected. They shall also have the unrestricted right to apply to the representatives of the Protecting Powers either through their prisoners' representative or, if they consider it necessary, direct, in order to draw their attention to any points on which they may have complaints to make regarding their conditions of captivity. These requests and complaints shall not be limited nor considered to be a part of the correspondence quota referred to in Article 71. They must be transmitted immediately. Even if they are recognized to be unfounded, they may not give rise to any punishment. Prisoners' representatives may send periodic reports on the situation in the camps and the needs of the prisoners of war to the representatives of the Protecting Powers.

In all places where there are prisoners of war, except in those where there are officers, the prisoners shall freely elect by secret ballot, every six months, and also in case of vacancies, prisoners' representatives entrusted with representing them before the military authorities, the Protecting Powers, the International Committee of the Red Cross and any other organization which may assist them. These prisoners' representatives shall be eligible for re-election. In camps for officers and persons of equivalent status or in mixed camps, the senior officer among the prisoners of war shall be recognized as the camp prisoners' representative. In camps for officers, he shall be assisted by one or more advisers chosen by the officers; in mixed camps, his assistants shall be chosen from among the prisoners of war who are not officers and shall be elected by them. Officer prisoners of war of the same nationality shall be stationed in labor camps for prisoners of war, for the purpose of carrying out the camp administration duties for which the prisoners of war are responsible. These officers may be elected as prisoners' representatives under the first paragraph of this Article. In such a case the assistants to the prisoners' representatives shall be chosen from among those prisoners of war who are not officers. Every representative elected must be approved by the Detaining Power before he has the right to commence his duties. Where the Detaining Power refuses to approve a prisoner of war elected by his fellow prisoners of war, it must inform the Protecting Power of the reason for such refusal. In all cases the prisoners' representative must have the same nationality, language and customs as the prisoners of war whom he represents. Thus, prisoners of war distributed in different sections of a camp, according to their nationality, language or customs, shall have for each section their own prisoners' representative, in accordance with the foregoing paragraphs. ARTICLE 80 Prisoners' representatives shall further the physical, spiritual and intellectual well being of prisoners of war. In particular, where the prisoners decide to organize amongst themselves a system of mutual assistance, this organization will be within the province of the prisoners' representative, in addition to the special duties entrusted to him by other provisions of the present Convention. Prisoners' representatives shall not be held responsible, simply by reason of their duties, for any offences committed by prisoners of war. ARTICLE 81 Prisoners' representatives shall not be required to perform any other work, if the accomplishment of their duties is thereby made more difficult. Prisoners' representatives may appoint from amongst the prisoners such assistants as they may require. All material facilities shall be granted them, particularly a certain freedom of movement necessary for the accomplishment of their duties (inspection of labor detachments, receipt of supplies, etc.). Prisoners' representatives shall be permitted to visit premises where prisoners of war are detained, and every prisoner of war shall have the right to consult freely his prisoners' representative. All facilities shall likewise be accorded to the prisoners' representatives for communication by post and telegraph with the detaining authorities, the Protecting Powers, the International Committee of the Red Cross and their delegates, the Mixed Medical Commissions and with the bodies which give assistance to prisoners of war. Prisoners' representatives of labor detachments shall enjoy the same facilities for communication with the prisoners' representatives of the principal camp. Such communications shall not be restricted, nor considered as forming a part of the quota mentioned in Article 71. Prisoners' representatives who are transferred shall be allowed a reasonable time to acquaint their successors with current affairs. In case of dismissal, the reasons therefor shall be communicated to the Protecting Power.

ARTICLE 82 A prisoner of war shall be subject to the laws, regulations and orders in force in the armed forces of the Detaining Power; the Detaining Power shall be justified in taking judicial or disciplinary measures in respect of any offence committed by a prisoner of war against such laws, regulations or orders. However, no proceedings or punishments contrary to the provisions of this Chapter shall be allowed. If any law, regulation or order of the Detaining Power shall declare acts committed by a prisoner of war to be punishable, whereas the same acts would not be punishable if committed by a member of the forces of the Detaining Power, such acts shall entail disciplinary punishments only. ARTICLE 83 In deciding whether proceedings in respect of an offence alleged to have been committed by a prisoner of war shall be judicial or disciplinary, the Detaining Power shall ensure that the competent authorities exercise the greatest leniency and adopt, wherever possible, disciplinary rather than judicial measures. ARTICLE 84 A prisoner of war shall be tried only by a military court, unless the existing laws of the Detaining Power expressly permit the civil courts to try a member of the armed forces of the Detaining Power in respect of the particular offence alleged to have been committed by the prisoner of war. In no circumstances whatever shall a prisoner of war be tried by a court of any kind which does not offer the essential guarantees of independence and impartiality as generally recognized, and, in particular, the procedure of which does not afford the accused the rights and means of defense provided for in Article 105. ARTICLE 85 Prisoners of war prosecuted under the laws of the Detaining Power for acts committed prior to capture shall retain, even if convicted, the benefits of the present Convention. ARTICLE 86 No prisoner of war may be punished more than once for the same act, or on the same charge. ARTICLE 87 Prisoners of war may not be sentenced by the military authorities and courts of the Detaining Power to any penalties except those provided for in respect of members of the armed forces of the said Power who have committed the same acts. When fixing the penalty, the courts or authorities of the Detaining Power shall take into consideration, to the widest extent possible, the fact that the accused, not being a national of the Detaining Power, is not bound to it by any duty of allegiance, and that he is in its power as the result of circumstances independent of his own will. The said courts or authorities shall be at liberty to reduce the penalty provided for the violation of which the prisoner of war is accused, and shall therefore not be bound to apply the minimum penalty prescribed. Collective punishment for individual acts, corporal punishments, imprisonment in premises without daylight and, in general, any form of torture or cruelty, are forbidden. No prisoner of war may be deprived of his rank by the Detaining Power, or prevented from wearing his badges. ARTICLE 88 Officers, non-commissioned officers and men who are prisoners of war undergoing a disciplinary or judicial punishment, shall not be subjected to more severe treatment than that applied in respect of the same punishment to members of the armed forces of the Detaining Power of equivalent rank. A woman prisoner of war shall not be awarded or sentenced to a punishment more severe, or treated whilst undergoing punishment more severely, than a woman member of the armed forces of the Detaining Power dealt with for a similar offence. In no case may a woman prisoner of war be awarded or sentenced to a punishment more severe, or treated whilst undergoing punishment more severely, than a male member of the armed forces of the Detaining Power dealt with for a similar offence. Prisoners of war who have served disciplinary or judicial sentences may not be treated differently from other prisoners of war. II. DISCIPLINARY SANCTIONS ARTICLE 89 The disciplinary punishments applicable to prisoners of war are the following:

SOURCE RELIABILITY B-1. Reliability ratings range from “Reliable” (A) to “Unreliable” (E) as shown in Table B-1. In every instance the rating is based on previous reporting from that source. If there has been no previous reporting, the source must be rated as “F”. [NOTE: An “F” rating does not necessarily mean that the source cannot be trusted, but that there is no reporting history and therefore no basis for making a determination.]

HUMINT leaders must anticipate, identify, consider, and evaluate all potential threats. They must take advantage of enhanced information flow through hierarchical and nonhierarchical networks (computer, communications, and personnel). HCTs should–– • Review available databases on assigned contingency AOIs; review existing IPB products, conduct IPB on these AOIs; and develop appropriate IPB products. Information on databases created for specific contingencies can be gotten from the J2X. • Continually monitor and update their OPLANs to reflect the evolving situation. • Be aware of higher headquarters SOPs and DIA manuals for specific ISRISRIntelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance management guidance. • Prepare and practice an intelligence “surge” on likely contingency crises. • Prepare and practice coordination from pre-deployment through redeployment with personnel from HUMINT, IMINT, MASINT, SIGINT, CA, PSYOP, SOF units, MP, and Engineers. • Plan for requirements to support 24-hour operations: automation, communications capacity, and personnel necessary to provide continuous intelligence information collection and RM, processing, and reporting. • Plan and coordinate for linguistic support. • Forward all RFIs to higher headquarters in accordance with SOPs. • Prepare and practice coordination with units they will support during pre-deployment exercises. Liaison must be conducted with commanders, S2s, administrative support personnel, logistical support personnel, communications personnel, and others. Obtain supported unit’s briefing slide formats. • Obtain copies of the supported unit’s SOPs and ensure all team members are aware of the procedures governing HUMINT interface. • Ensure that team data processing equipment is compatible with the supported unit’s network structure and that appropriate interfaces are available. • Exercise unit deployment SOPs, load plans, and packing lists. Helpful Unclassified Links: • https://portal.rccb.osis.gov/index.jsp Foreign Broadcast Information Service home page. • http://wnc.fedworld.gov/ International news compiled by the US Department of Commerce. • http://www.state.gov/s/inr/ Department of State’s Bureau of Intelligence and Research home page. Contains country and region-specific information, policies, and warnings. • http://ebird.afis.osd.mil/ Early Bird News Service of the Armed Forces Information Service. • http://164.214.2.59/ National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) (formerly National Imagery and Mapping Agency). • http://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/cshome.html#toc Country Studies from the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress.

Documents, and Captured Enemy Equipment D-1. Detainees, retained personnel, CEDs, and CEE are critical sources of combat intelligence. Often the Maneuver Battalion S2 is the first MI officer to encounter these sources. His actions are critical to the exploitation system. Information from these items is time sensitive, and these information sources need to be exploited at as low an echelon as possible. The S2 should anticipate requirements for support based on planned missions and request HUMINT collector support as necessary. If unable to receive HUMINT collector support, the S2 must be prepared to exploit these sources of information to the best of his ability and more importantly expedite their evacuation to locations and units where they can be exploited. PURPOSE D-2. This guide is for battalion and brigade S2s. It explains standard procedures on what the S2 should do when his unit— • Captures an enemy soldier or other detainee. • Encounters a civilian on the battlefield. • Finds or captures an enemy document. • Discovers an unusual enemy weapon or other unusual piece of equipment during tactical operations. PERSONNEL HANDLING D-3. The GPW defines persons entitled to treatment as prisoners of war upon capture, in Article 4 (see Appendix A, Section I). D-4. The GC defines the civilian population (exclusive of those civilian persons listed in GPW, Article 4) who benefit to varying degrees from the provisions of the Geneva Conventions. (See Appendix A, Sections II and III.) D-5. Persons in each of these categories have distinct rights, duties, and restrictions. Persons who are not members of the Armed Forces, as defined in Article 4, GPW, who bear arms or engage in other conduct hostile to the enemy thereby deprive themselves of many of the privileges attaching to the members of the civilian population. The capturing unit treats all combatants and noncombatants who are suspected of being part of the threat force as EPWs or retained personnel until their status can be determined. This determination normally occurs at the detainee collection point or at a higher echelon. Noncombatants are handled, questioned, detained, evacuated, and released in accordance with theater policy. In all cases, detainees are treated humanely. D-6. Detainees are treated humanely but with firmness at all times. High standards of discipline are required not only of detainees but also of capturing and escort forces. Fraternization with detainees or mistreatment or abuse of them is not only a violation but also is not conducive to good discipline. In addition to not being conducive to good discipline, the mistreatment or abuse of detainees is a violation of the UCMJUCMJUniformed Code of Military Justice for which violators may be punished. The control of detainees is exercised through the issuance and firm enforcement of necessary instructions in their own language. Instructions relating to their control during evacuation from the combat zone should be as brief as possible. Care must be taken to ensure that detainees have a clear understanding of all instructions to them. D-7. At the capture point, the capturing element performs the following steps on detainees. The senior soldier will ensure that the steps are performed. The steps are referred to as the "Five S's and a T". STEP 1. SEARCH D-8. The capturing unit’s first job is to disarm, search, and maintain positive control over all detainees. The detainees are disarmed and searched for concealed weapons and for equipment and documents of particular intelligence value immediately upon capture, unless the number of detainees captured, enemy action, or other circumstances make such a search impracticable. Until each detainee is searched, the responsible forces must be alert to prevent the use of concealed weapons or destruction of documents or equipment. D-9. The capturing unit gathers all loose CEDs and CEE in the area. Identification documents and protective military equipment such as helmets or NBC gear stay with the detainee unless otherwise directed by the battalion S2. • Equipment. Items of personal or individual equipment that are new or appear to be of a type not previously observed may be of intelligence value and should be processed and reported in accordance with the unit’s SOPSOPStandard Operating Procedures, specific evacuation instructions in Annex B (Intelligence) of the OPORD, and theater policy. Equipment for personal protection such as protective masks or protective clothing may not be taken unless replaced with equivalent equipment. • Documents. A CED is any piece of recorded information that has been in the hands of the enemy. CEDs include but are not limited to maps, sketches, photographs, orders, tactical and technical manuals and instructions, code books, log books, maintenance records, shipping and packing slips and lists, war and field diaries, personal diaries, pay books, newspapers, service records, postal savings books, payrolls, postcards and letters, and any written, printed, engraved, or photographic matter that may contain information relative to the enemy and to weather and terrain data. A capturing unit is normally not able to accurately determine the potential intelligence value of any documents found on the detainee. It is therefore normally expedient to remove all documents, with the exception of the detainee’s primary identification document. These documents are sealed in a waterproof container and tagged with part C of the capture tag. If capture tags are not available, the document bag must be marked at a minimum to identify the detainee to whom the documents belong (see Appendix I). • Personal effects. Except as provided in Step 1, detainees should be permitted to retain all of their personal effects including money; valuables; protective equipment, such as helmets, protective masks, and like items; effects and articles used for clothing or eating, except knives and forks; identification cards or tags; badges of grade and nationality; and articles having a personal or sentimental value. When items of equipment issued for the personal protection of detainees are taken from them, they must be replaced with equivalent items serving the same purpose. Although money and other valuables may be taken from detainees as a security measure, they must then be receipted for and a record thereof maintained in a special register. These administrative steps normally are not practical to accomplish prior to arrival of the detainee at an EPW camp. STEP 2. SILENCE D-10. Detainees are kept silent so that they cannot plan deception or encourage each other to resist. Keeping the detainees silent also prevents them from relieving the stress and shock of capture by talking with others. If the shock of capture is preserved, HUMINT collectors can take advantage of it in an approach. The capturing unit instructs or signals the detainees to be silent. If that does not work, the detainee is gagged. Guards give orders to detainees, but do not converse with them or give them any comfort items. STEP 3. SAFEGUARD D-11. All detainees are promptly evacuated out of the “danger” zone. Their presence may not be used to render points or areas immune to attack, nor should they be retained for participation in psychological warfare or other activities. The capturing forces must protect detainees from reprisals. Detainees will not be denied food, potable water, or appropriate clothing and shelter. Necessary medical attention will not be delayed. Those detainees held in an area should be provided protective facilities and equipment and should be oriented as to procedures to be followed in case of chemical, biological, and radiological agent attack. STEP 4. SEGREGATE D-12. The capturing unit separates officers from enlisted, senior from junior, male from female, and civilian from military within their capabilities to both guard and safeguard the detainees. (Physical segregation at this point is not always possible.) Deserters and people of different nationalities and ideologies should be further segregated. The capturing unit prepares a capture tag and puts one on each detainee (see Figure D-1). Tagging procedures are discussed in paragraph D-16. STEP 5. SPEED TO THE REAR D-13. The capturing unit moves detainees and CEDs to the unit supply point or other area where transportation to the rear is available for evacuation. Evacuation of detainees from the combat zone should be effected within the minimum time after capture. While in the combat zone, not only may detainees become casualties as the result of enemy fire but also the fluidity of operations, the wide dispersion of units, and the austerity of facilities may necessitate their rapid evacuation. D-14. The normal evacuation channel is from the detainee collection point through intermediate detainee holding areas to an internment facility at a higher echelon. Available returning transportation, however, may bypass any intermediate detainee holding area and proceed directly to a corps or theater internment facility. Detainees will then be processed directly into the corps or theater internment facility. Evacuation may be by foot, vehicle, rail, aircraft, or ship. Evacuate detainees who are litter patients through medical channels. D-15. The command (brigade and above) from which the detainees are being evacuated is responsible to provide transportation and rations and for coordinating all other matters related to the evacuation. Escort guards are furnished by the command (division and above) to which the detainees are being evacuated. STEP 6. TAGTAGTechnical Advisory Group D-16. When the detainees have been searched and segregated, the capturing unit prepares a capture tag and puts one on each detainee. It is very important that the capturing unit fill out the Capture Tag as accurately and completely as possible. HUMINT collectors will use the information from the tag when preparing to interrogate detainees. The “capturing unit” and “location of capture” information will be used to provide direct feedback to the capturing unit when information of immediate tactical value is obtained. Each EPW tag has a different serial number used for the purpose of accountability and cannot be reproduced. The EPW tag is perforated into three parts: Part A is attached to the detainee, Part B is retained by the capturing unit, and Part C is attached to the detainee’s property (see Figure D-1). DOCUMENT HANDLING DOCUMENTS FOUND ON ENEMY PRISONER OF WAR D-17. The battalion S2 and subordinate unit commander ensure that CEDs found on detainees are handled as follows. The capturing unit will— • Search each detainee. • Return identification documents to detainees. It may be preferable to return only one identity document, to preclude the detainee from spreading extras around to cause confusion. The preferred ID document to return to the detainee is a picture ID (such as a military or government ID card). If the detainee has several identification documents, the S2 returns the ID that most accurately reflects the detainee’s official status. This might be a military ID for a soldier and a passport or government-issue ID for a civilian. If the detainee has several identification documents with different names, this may be an indicator of CI interest. The S2 notifies the nearest CI unit. • Write the following on the top and bottom half of the EPW capture tag: Number of documents taken, date and time, location and circumstances of capture, capturing unit’s designation. • Put CEDs in a waterproof bag, one per detainee. • Affix Part C of the capture tag to the bag. • Give CEDs to the senior escort. • Direct the senior escort to evacuate CEDs with the detainee. DOCUMENTS FOUND IN THE AO D-18. An example of CEDs found in the AO is paperwork discovered in an overrun CP, but not on a detainee. The capturing unit will— • Put CEDs in a waterproof bag. • Follow the same procedures described above, and tag the bag. • Evacuate the CEDs to the battalion S2. • Evacuate all CEDs as dictated by Annex B of the OPORD. This is normally through the MI chain (for example, from Battalion S2 to Brigade S2, to the first HUMINT collection or DOCEX unit in the MI chain). The S2 normally coordinates with the S4 for the use of supply vehicles returning empty to the rear for the transportation of large numbers of documents. INITIAL DOCUMENT EXPLOITATION D-19. A combat unit without language-qualified personnel can perform limited battlefield DOCEX, mainly on maps and overlays. The unit S2 is normally responsible for any initial exploitation by the capturing unit. The S2 safeguards the items pending disposition. At the same time he— • Looks over the document. • Does not mark or harm it in anyway. • Uses whatever resources are available to decipher it; for example, dictionaries and enemy map symbol guides. • Looks for information that has a direct bearing on his current mission. D-20. The S2 extracts the combat information and uses the SALUTE format as a template to organize the information. EQUIPMENT HANDLING PROCEDURES D-21. CEE includes all types of foreign materiel found on a detainee or in the AO that may have military application. The capturing unit— • Always permits the detainee to keep protective equipment and equipment for his personal well being unless this gear is replaced by equivalent items by the capturing unit. This equipment includes helmet, NBC gear, mess gear (excluding knife and fork). • Disposes of equipment in accordance with unit SOPs and instructions in Annex B of the OPORD. Most routine equipment is normally destroyed in place. Unusual or new equipment or equipment identified as being of TECHINT interest is tagged with a CEE tag (Part C of DD FormDD FormDepartment of Defense form 2745) and evacuated to the nearest TECHINT unit. Communications equipment is also tagged and evacuated to the nearest SIGINT unit. • Identifies equipment that cannot be easily evacuated; its location is passed through intelligence channels to the nearest unit that will be involved in its exploitation. FIELD-EXPEDIENT TAGGING PROCEDURES D-22. When no standard tag forms are available, the following field-expedient methods may be used: • Use meals, ready-to-eat (MRE) cardboard or other type of paper. • Write the capturing unit’s designation. • Write data and time of capture. • Write POCPOCPoint of contact coordinates. • Write circumstances of capture. • Identify EPW, captured document, or equipment captured. • Put tag, without damaging the CED, in a waterproof bag. • Attach EPW and CEE tags so they will not come off. MEDICAL CARE D-23. Medical equipment and supplies to permit the administering of emergency first aid should be available at each EPW collecting point and EPW holding area. A qualified medical retained person, if available, may administer first aid to other detainees. All detainees suspected of having communicable diseases are isolated for examination by a medical officer. Wounded detainees may be questioned by intelligence personnel once the detainees are cleared by competent medical authority for questioning. D-24. For evacuation purposes, detainees may be classified as walking wounded or sick, or as non-walking wounded or sick. Walking wounded detainees are evacuated through MP EPW evacuation channels. Non-walking wounded are delivered to the nearest medical aid station and evacuated through medical channels. This page intentionally left blank.

Following are excerpts from Allied Joint Publication-2.5, Handling of Captured Personnel, Equipment and Documents. AJP-2.5 is primarily an amalgamation of procedures outlined in STANAG 2033, STANAG 2044, and STANAG 2084, and will be used as the authoritative source for matters governed by those STANAGs. S2s and HUMINT collectors should maintain a copy on hand. THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS E-1. Treatment of prisoners of war (PWs) and other detainees as well as the handling of personal possessions including personal documents belonging to them will at all times be in accordance with the 1949 Geneva Conventions and, if ratified by the nations concerned, with the 1977 Protocols. THE DETAINING POWER E-2. The responsibilities of the ”Detaining Power” as set out in GC3 shall rest with the nation or the deployed NATONATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization command which initiated the capture or detention of the person or persons in question. E-3. Transfers of PWs between NATONATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization nations must be in accordance with GC3, Article 12, as interpreted but not superseded by national agreements. KNOWLEDGE OF THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS AND THE 1977 PROTOCOLS E-4. The Geneva Conventions require the signatories in time of both peace and war to circulate the text of the Conventions as widely as possible within their countries. They are especially required to ensure that the provisions and implications of the Conventions are clearly understood by the members of their armed forces and by the civilians attached to them. In order to assist this process, it is suggested in the Conventions that instruction in them is included in the syllabus of appropriate military and civilian courses of instruction. E-5. The conventions also state that any military or other authority assuming responsibility for dealing with PWs in time of war or armed conflict must be in possession of the text of the Conventions and that its personnel must be instructed in how the Conventions affect them in the execution of their duties with PWs. E-6. If ratified by the nations concerned, these requirements are, by inference, also applicable to the 1977 Protocols. PRISONER-OF-WAR STATUS E-7. Captured personnel (CPERS) can be divided into two categories: Captured personnel who are PWs and other detainees. E-8. Prisoner-of-war status is conferred on captured personnel who fall within the categories listed in Article 4 of GC3, which is reproduced in Annex A, or, if ratified by the nations concerned, those who meet the expanded definition of a PW as stated in Protocol I of the 1977 Protocols. E-9. Other detainees are personnel being held by NATONATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization forces until their status can be determined and their further disposition can be decided. E-10. Furthermore, when NATONATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization forces are engaged in Peacetime Support Operations (PSOs), the operational plan should contain specific instructions as to which individuals will have PW status. Directions for handling other detainees, including those suspected of crimes against humanity and war crimes, are also to be included in the operational plan or in the Standing Operating Procedures used in the operation. PERSONNEL E-11. Conditions allowing, the following procedures should be followed by the capturing unit: effects of military or investigative interest except for necessary clothing, identity documents and protective equipment (Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (GC3), Article 18) should be removed. CPERS should then be tagged in accordance with the procedures outlined at Annex B. A Common Capture Report should also be completed and forwarded in accordance with the procedure set out in Annex C. It is important that the documents, equipment, maps, etc., taken from a CPERS accompany him to the next receiving unit. Valuable information may be lost by not having these items available during processing and interrogation. segregated according to rank, grade, service, sex and nationality or ethnic group/warring faction to minimize the opportunity to prepare counter-interrogation measures. Furthermore, deserters, civilians and political indoctrination personnel will be individually segregated from other CPERS. Such segregation shall be undertaken in a manner which does not violate GC3, Article 16. not to prejudice future intelligence collection operations. CPERS will be allowed no opportunity to exchange information between themselves, to exchange identities or to dispose of articles of intelligence interest. CPERS and personnel not concerned with interrogation duties. activities, equipment and procedures involving NATONATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization, national or allied forces. opportunity for escape or sabotage. CPERS wherever possible. These personnel shall be screened by the nearest Interrogation Unit (IU), which will decide on their value to the intelligence organization and consequent future movements. In all cases, defectors are to be treated in accordance with the Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilians in Time of War (GC4). National policy may provide defectors treatment in accordance with GC3 where such treatment provides greater protection than GC4. segregated from other CPERS. The intelligence organization (G2 or CJ2) is to be informed of all such individuals as soon as possible and will arrange for their screening to determine their future disposition. be segregated from other prisoners. Legal authorities and the intelligence organization are to be informed of such suspects as soon as possible. They will be taken into custody by law enforcement personnel. Intelligence exploitation should be undertaken in cooperation with the legal authorities. organization is to be notified in order that interrogation by naval/air force personnel may take place at the earliest opportunity. quickly as possible. appearing to be PWs, having committed a belligerent act and having fallen into Allied hands, belong to any of the categories of persons entitled to PW status pursuant to Article 4 of GC3, such persons shall enjoy the protection of GC3 until such time as their status has been determined by a competent tribunal. If such a tribunal determines that an individual does not qualify for PW status, then the detaining commander must determine whether the detainee qualifies as a ”protected person” pursuant to GC4, and obtain legal advice relative to the proper course of action for dealing with such detainees. DOCUMENTS E-12. Captured documents (CDOC) considered of intelligence interest will be handled by the capturing unit in the following manner: information of immediate technical or tactical value. disposition as well as giving information considered to be of immediate tactical value will be prepared and submitted by the capturing unit. (See STANAG 2022.) - National identifying letters of capturing unit as prescribed in STANAG 1059. - Designation of capturing unit including service. - Serial number of the CDOC. This will consist of a number allocated sequentially by the capturing unit. - DTG of capture. - Location of capture (geographic coordinates or UTM grid reference including grid zone designation and 100,000-meter square identification). - Captured from Unit (enemy or warring faction) (including national identifying letters in accordance with STANAG 1059). - Summary of circumstances under which the CDOC was obtained. Interrogation serial number of any associated CPERS, if appropriate or known. - CED associated with a captured person should be marked with part C of the Standardized EPW Capture and Personal Equipment Tag. suspected of crimes against humanity and war crimes will be kept under guard or in a secure area separate from other CED. EQUIPMENT E-13. Captured Equipment (CE) and Associated Technical Documents (ATDs) considered of intelligence interest will be handled by the capturing unit in the following manner: prepared by the capturing unit upon the discovery or capture of CE or ATD believed to be of intelligence interest. The reporting channels are from the capturing unit through the chain of command to the first TECHINT element. information of immediate technical or tactical value. A Preliminary Technical Report (PRETECHREP) as set out in Annex D of the OPORD will be prepared and submitted through established intelligence channels. submitted in advance but not in lieu of the Capture Report and PRETECHREP. (See STANAG 2022.) - National identifying letters of capturing unit as prescribed in STANAG 1059. - Designation of capturing unit including service. - DTG of capture. - Location of capture (geographic coordinates or UTM grid reference including grid zone designation and 100,000-meter square identification). - Captured from Unit (enemy or warring faction) (including national identifying letters in accordance with STANAG 1059). - Summary of circumstances of capture. - Associated CPERS. CPERS suspected of crimes against humanity and war crimes will be kept under guard separate from other CE and ATD. This page intentionally left blank.

Number. This number shall be allocated by the Interrogation Unit conducting the first interrogation of the captured person. (ISN), which is to be used for administrative purposes only. ensure its proper evaluation, processing, and follow-up action. It will also identify the nationality and location of the interrogation unit. 1 letter to indicate the Arm of Service of the captured person (see para 8). para 9). A dash (-) to show a sequence break. following examples: LS – NV – B – 0012 – 2105 – USNV – 0159 Liechtenstein – Naval prisoner – Seaman – 12 th captured person interrogated - captured 21 May – interrogated by US Navy – team 159 AN – AF – H – 0357 – 0211 – GEAF – 0007 Andorra – Air force prisoner – Intelligence – 357 th captured person interrogated – captured 2 Nov – interrogated by GE Air Force – team 7 SM – AR – X – 0431 – 0707 – UKAR – 0019 San Marino – Army prisoner – One star or above – 431 st captured person interrogated – captured 7 Jul – interrogated by UK Army – team 19 accordance with established NATONATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization Country codes in STANAG 1059. AR - Army NI - Naval Infantry NV - Navy AB - Airborne Forces NA - Naval Air Arm SF - Special Purpose Forces AF - Air Force PL - Police IR - Irregular CV - Civilian (other than Police) Navy (A) Other/Partisan Forces (D) A. Aircrew Aircrew Aircrew Aircrew B. Seamen Infantry Ground Crew Merchant Marine C. Communications Signals Communications Radio Officers/Operators D. Weapons/ Electronic Engineer Army (B) Air Force (C) Electrical/Electronic Engineer E. Mechanical/ Marine/Engineers Electrical/Electronic Engineer Engineers Mechanical/Air Frame/Engineers F. Gunnery Artillery Ordnance Weapons/Ordnance Explosives G. HQ Staff HQ Staff HQ Staff HQ Staff H. Intelligence Intelligence Intelligence Intelligence I. Marines Airborne Forces Airfield Defense J. Cooks/Stewards Catering Catering Catering K. Legal/Political Legal/Political Legal/Political Legal/Political L. Medical/Dental/ Nursing Medical/Dental/ Nursing M. Electronic Warfare Medical/Dental/ Nursing Medical/Dental/ Nursing Electronic Warfare Electronic Warfare Electronic Warfare N. Operations Operations Operations Operations O. Police Police Police Police P. Supply Quartermaster Supply Supply Q. Strategic Weapons Strategic Weapons Strategic Weapons Strategic Weapons R. Special Purpose Forces Special Purpose Forces S. Air Traffic Control Armored Air Traffic Control Air Traffic Control T. Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Special Purpose Forces Special Purpose Forces Navy (A) Other/Partisan Forces (D) U. Instructors V. Ministers of Religion Army (B) Air Force (C) Education Ministers of Religion Education Ministers of Religion Instructors Ministers of Religion W. Submarines Artillery Spotters Forward Air Controllers Couriers, etc. X. One Star + One Star + One Star + Officers in Command of Irregular Forces Y. Other Other Other Other Notes: G – Headquarters staffs below one star rank T – Captured Person’s arm of service not known to report writer W – To be used in respect of all submarines regardless of arm or specialization X – To be used in respect of all ONE STAR or above officers regardless of army Y – PW arm of service not included in the appropriate list in numerical order of interrogation by the team first interrogating the captured person. Nationality of the Interrogation Team. Team: ARMY - AR AIR FORCE - AF NAVY - NV MARINE - MR COAST GUARD - CG PARA-MILITARY - PM command changes are implemented and STANAG 1059 is revised). SC EUROPE RC SOUTH RC NORTH JHQ SOUTHWEST JHQ NORTH JHQ SOUTH JHQ NORTHEAST JHQ SOUTH CENTER JHQ CENTER JHQ SOUTHEAST CC AIR NORTH CC AIR SOUTH CC NAV NORTH CC NAV SOUTH SC ATLANTIC RC EAST RC WEST STRIK FLTLANT RC SOUTHEAST SUB ACLANT will issue similar numbers to subordinate national interrogation teams under their command. This page intentionally left blank.

This appendix offers a quick reference for the trained HUMINT collector. It is not meant to be all-inclusive, nor instructive in proper questioning technique, but lays out frequently used requirements grouped logically by OB factor. Proper formation of questions is covered in detail in Chapter 9. Missions : Mission questioning consists of three areas: Time of Capture Mission, Future Mission, and Past Mission. Missions are questioned in that order, to ensure that the information is collected in the order of importance to a supported commander. Logical follow-up questioning may lead the collector into any of the OB factors at any time during questioning in order to provide complete information. Offensive Missions: When will the enemy attack? Where will they attack? What is the main objective of the attack? What units will participate in the attack? What tactics will be employed? What artillery, air, and other units will support the attack? Defensive Missions: Where will the enemy establish lines of defense? What units have been assigned to the defensive lines? What obstacles have been emplaced (mines, trenches, wire, etc.)? What artillery support is there for the defensive operation? Retrograde Operations: What units will take part in the retreat? What are the current positions of the retreating units? When will they start to retreat? What routes will be used? What is the planned destination of the retreating units? What units will cover the retreat? Composition: What is the command and control element of (the target unit)? What types of units are directly subordinate to (the target unit)? What is the designation of (each of the subordinate units)? How many units of that type are directly subordinate to (target unit)? What units are attached? When? Why? What unit(s) are they detached from? What units are detached? When? Why? What unit(s) are they attached to now? Weapons and Equipment Strength: Individual Weapons : What individual weapons are there in (target unit)? How many? What is the distribution of the weapons? Crew-Served Weapons: What crew-served weapons are in (target unit)? How many? What is the distribution of the weapons? Other Weapons: What other weapons are there in (target unit)? What types? How many? How are they distributed? Vehicles : What armored vehicles are in (unit)? How many? What nomenclature? What other vehicles are in (unit)? Dispositions: Disposition questioning is ideally done with the aid of a map. Where is (the target disposition)? Show (on the map) the location of (the target disposition). What enemy units, activities, or equipment are at that location? What security measures are being employed at that location? Additionally, specific types of dispositions require additional follow-up: Area-Type Dispositions: (Staging Areas, Assembly Areas, Trains, etc.) Show on the map (or describe) the perimeter of the disposition. Where are units or activities located within it? Where are the approaches/entrance? What unit is in charge? What vehicles or equipment are located within the disposition? What is the date of information? Line-Type Dispositions: (Line of Departure, Artillery emplacement, etc.) Show on the map (or describe) the location of the disposition. Define and locate both ends of the disposition. What equipment is located there? In the case of artillery, describe the placement and orientation of the guns, ammunition, radar, and support vehicles. Tactics: Offensive: What offensive tactics are being employed by (unit)? What other units are involved? When did (unit) begin employing these tactics? What are the major objectives? Defensive: What defensive tactics are being employed by (unit)? What other units are involved? When did (unit) begin employing these tactics? Special Operations: What special operations tactics are being employed by (unit)? What are the designations of the units employing special operations tactics? When did (unit) begin employing special operations tactics? Where/Why are these tactics being employed? Training: Individual Training: What individual training is being conducted by (unit)? Who is being trained? How effective is the training? Where is the training conducted? What are the training standards? Unit Training: What unit training is being conducted by (unit)? Who is being trained? How effective is the training? Where is the training conducted? What are the training standards? Specialized Training: What specialized training is being conducted by (unit)? Who is being trained? How effective is the training? Where is the training conducted? What are the training standards? What specialized equipment is used in the conduct of the training? Combat Effectiveness: Losses: Personnel: What personnel losses have been incurred by (unit)? When? Where? How? What were the duty positions/ranks of the lost personnel? Equipment: What equipment losses have been sustained by (unit)? What type of equipment was lost? When? Where? How many? How were they lost? Replacements (Personnel): Received: What replacements have been received by (unit)? What replacements are available to (unit)? How many? From where were the replacements received? Available: What personnel replacements are available to (unit)? From where are replacements available? How many? What ranks? How long would it take for replacements to arrive once requested? Replacements (Equipment): Received: What equipment replacements have been received by (unit)? How many? From where were the replacements received? How does the quality of the replacement equipment compare to that of the original equipment? What is the level of confidence in the replacement equipment, compared to the original? Available: What equipment replacements are available to (unit)? From where are replacements available? How long would it take to receive replacement equipment once requested? How many of each type of equipment are available? Reinforcements: Received: What reinforcements have been received by (unit)? What type was the reinforcing unit? What is the designation of the reinforcing unit? What equipment did the reinforcing unit bring? To which unit was the reinforcing unit further assigned? Why did (receiving unit) receive reinforcements? How long will the reinforcing unit be assigned as reinforcement to (unit)? Available: What reinforcements are available to (unit)? From where (parent unit/location) are reinforcements available? What types of units are available to reinforce (unit)? How long would it take for reinforcements to arrive, once requested? Morale: Describe the morale of the members of (unit). How long has the morale been…? What is the unit leadership doing to (maintain/improve) the morale? What effect has (high/low) morale had on the behavior or performance of the unit members? Logistics: Weapons: What is the condition of the (specific weapons) in (the unit)? Why are (the weapons) in that condition? What is being done to improve the condition of (the weapons)? How often is maintenance performed? By whom? Who inspects weapons? How often? Is there an increased emphasis on maintenance? If so, why? What is done to prevent/alleviate a shortage while weapons are being maintained? What spare parts are there for weapons in (unit)? What shortages of spare parts are there? What problems are there with spare parts (quality, fit, delays, etc)? Ammunition: What types of ammunition are available for the (weapon/weapon system) in the (unit)? What problems are being experienced with ammunition for (weapon or weapon system) in (unit)? Why? Since when? What is being done to correct the problem(s)? What shortages of ammunition for (weapon or weapon system) are there in (unit)? What is being done to correct the shortage? When was the last issue of ammunition for the (weapon or weapon system) in the (unit)? How much was issued? When is the next issue of ammunition planned? (For insurgents/irregulars - Where is funding obtained for ammunition/explosive purchases? Where are ammunition/explosives obtained? How are ammunition/explosives transported/delivered? Vehicles: What is the condition of the (specific vehicle) in (the unit)? Why are (the vehicles) in that condition? What is being done to improve the condition of (the vehicles)? How often is maintenance performed? By whom? Who inspects vehicles? How often? Is there an increased emphasis on maintenance? If so, why? What is done to prevent/alleviate a shortage while vehicles are being maintained? What spare parts are there for vehicles in (unit)? What shortages of spare parts are there? What problems are there with spare parts (quality, fit, delays, etc)? POL: What problems have been experienced with the petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) for the (vehicle type) in the (unit)? Why are there problems? Since when have there been problems? What is being done to correct the problems? What shortages of POL are there? Why? What is being done to alleviate the shortages? When was the last resupply of POL in (unit)? Where? How much? When is the next resupply of POL planned? Communications Equipment: What is the condition of the (specific radio set) in (the unit)? Why are (the radios) in that condition? What is being done to improve the condition of (the radios)? How often is maintenance performed? By whom? Who inspects communication equipment? How often? Is there an increased emphasis on maintenance? If so, why? What is done to prevent/alleviate a shortage while radios are being maintained? What spare parts are there for communication equipment in (unit)? What shortages of spare parts are there? What problems are there with spare parts (quality, fit, delays, etc)? Medical: Equipment: What individual medical equipment is in (unit)? How many? What is the distribution? What are the contents of individual medical kits in the (unit)? What is the quality? What shortages are there? What problems are there with the individual medical equipment/supplies in (unit)? What vehicular medical equipment is in (unit)? How many? What is the distribution? What are the contents of vehicular medical kits in (unit)? What is the quality? What shortages are there? What problems are there with the vehicular medical equipment/supplies in (unit)? Personnel: What medical personnel are assigned to (unit)? What medical personnel are available to treat members of (unit)? How many? What are the duty positions of the medical personnel? What level of medical care are the medical personnel able to provide to members of (unit)? Facilities: What medical facilities are available to members of (unit)? Where are the medical facilities? What level of care is available there? What higher echelons of medical care are available? Medical Evacuation (MEDEVAC) Procedures: What MEDEVAC procedures are available to members of (unit)? Where are MEDEVAC collection points? What different MEDEVAC procedures are used for more seriously wounded personnel, compared to lightly wounded? Food: What rations are members of (unit) eating? What shortages are there of food? What is the quality? What problems have been encountered with the rations provided to (unit)? When was the last issue of rations to members of (unit)? When is the next issue? What reserve stocks of field rations are there in (unit)? Water: What is the source of drinking water for members of (unit)? What problems have been encountered with quality, shortages, or contamination of drinking water? What water purification methods are available to members of (unit)? Under what circumstances will they be used? If water purification tablets are used, what color are they? Electronic Technical Data: Radio Frequencies: What are the primary and alternate frequencies for radios in (each unit)? Under what circumstances will alternate frequencies be used? What networks operate on the various frequencies? Call Signs: What is the call sign of (unit)? What is the call sign of (each) person of authority in the unit? When do call signs change? What informal call signs are in use? Miscellaneous: Personalities: Question for name, rank, unit, duty position, and unit of key leaders. Collect identifying characteristics such as age, height, weight, build, hair and eye color, writing hand, facial hair and teeth. Report contact information such as work and home addresses, telephone numbers, fax number, and email address. Complete biographical IIR format is in DIAM 58-12 (S//NF). Code Names: What is the code name of (each unit)? What code names are being used for specific operations? Passwords: What is the current challenge/password for (unit)? When did it go into effect? When will it change? What will the next challenge/password be? What other (informal, “run in”) passwords are in use? Obstacles: Enemy: What obstacles have the enemy forces emplaced? Where, when, what type of obstacles? What safe lanes are there through or around the obstacles? (If mine fields, collect type, pattern, quantity, and method of emplacement of mines.) How are the obstacles being covered (artillery, ambush, etc.)? Why have the obstacles been emplaced where they are (denial of terrain, canalization into a fire sack, etc.)? Friendly: What friendly obstacles have enemy forces encountered? Where? When? Have those obstacles been breached or otherwise neutralized? What effect have the friendly obstacles had on enemy maneuver? PSYOP: Enemy: What PSYOP are being conducted by (unit)? What is the text of the messages? Who is the target audience? Where are the PSYOP materials prepared? Where and how are they delivered? What is the hoped-for effect? Friendly: What PSYOP have members of (unit) encountered? Where? When? What form of PSYOP was encountered? What effect have the PSYOP had on the officers/NCOs/enlisted of (unit)? What is the leadership of (unit) doing to counter the effects of friendly PSYOP? This page intentionally left blank.

H-1. The SALUTE report format requires brief entries which require the collector to break information down into basic elements: who, what, where, when, why, and how. This allows for efficient reporting via electronic or hardcopy medium. It also allows the analyst to quickly scan multiple reports to find specific information. H-2. Figure H-1 provides guidance and is not to be construed as strict requirements. SALUTE reports of combat activity may only contain a word or two in each entry, whereas Intelligence reports tend to include more detail. TO : Usually the address of the supported S2/G2 (according to unit SOPSOPStandard Operating Procedures) FROM: Your unit or team designation, or your duty position, as appropriate DTG: The date-time group of when the report is being submitted Report Number: From local SOPSOPStandard Operating Procedures multiple echelons are involved in the activity being reported, there can be multiple entries (e.g.,1 x BDE; 2 x BN). Non-standard units are reported as such (e.g., bomb-making class; support staff). important non-PIR information being reported. It should be a concise bullet statement. zone designator. The entry can also be an address, if appropriate, but still should include an 8-digit grid coordinate. City names will always be followed by the two-character country code. If the activity being reported involves movement (advance, withdrawal, etc.) the location entry will include “From” and “To” entries. The route used will be reported under “Equipment/How.” “Activity/What” entry. Include the complete designation of a military unit, identification of a civilian or insurgent group, or the full name of an individual, as appropriate. events are usually not the subject of SALUTE reports, but if a past event is to be reported, the Time/When entry will generally reflect when the event ended. Ongoing events are reported as such. Reports of composition of forces, morale, and Electronic Technical Data and other non-event topics are reported as ongoing. When reporting on a disposition, the “Time/When” entry is generally the last time the source was at the disposition. and/or expands upon information reported in any of the previous entries. It includes information concerning equipment involved, tactics used, and any essential elements of information not reported in the previous paragraphs. a CED, open-source media, or other source. Include the date of information and the PIR that the reported information addresses. Map data for coordinates given in the “Location/Where” entry are included, stating map series name, sheet number, scale and edition. If there are enclosures to the SALUTE report, such as sketches, they are annotated here.

I-1. DOCEX is a vital information source in the development of the all-source intelligence picture. Unless planned for and carefully monitored, the volume of CEDs in all operations can rapidly overwhelm a unit’s capability to extract meaningful information.

The following references are provided to assist HUMINT collectors, commanders, and trainers in obtaining regulatory guidance for HUMINT collection operations. These and other references are in the bibliography. Representatives. 15 February 2001. Material. 22 October 1990. 12 February 1990. 15 January 1993. 1 December 1986. Operations. 30 December 1994. (Short Title: DOD Enemy POW Detainee Program). 18 August 1994. Tactical Questioning. 3 November 2005. Forces. 3 October 2005. Conduct and Oversight of Defense Human Intelligence (HUMINT) (U). 14 December 2004. for the Conduct and Oversight of Defense Human Intelligence HUMINT (U). 7 September 2005. Components That Affect United States Persons. December 1982. Further information and links to many of the above publications can be found at: http://www.dami.army.pentagon.mil/offices/dami-cd/ ARTEPS, MTPs, and other intelligence training products are available at the Reimer Digital Library http://www.adtdl.army.mil.

bridge gaps in the deployed force structure. With the increased use of contractors comes the need to identify the doctrine and procedures affecting their employment. Leaders and those working with contractors must understand that contractors are civilians authorized to accompany the force in the field and should be provided with an ID card as proof of their authorization. In accordance with GPW Article 4, contractors are to be accorded POW status if captured. KEY TERMS K-2. Contract Interrogator. A contract interrogator is a contractor who is specifically trained and DOD certified for, tasked with, and engages in the collection of information from individuals (HUMINT sources) for the purpose of answering intelligence information requirements. Their operations must be conducted in accordance with all applicable law and policy. Applicable law and policy include US law; the law of war; relevant international law; relevant directives including DOD Directive 3115.09, “DOD Intelligence Interrogations, Detainee Debriefings, and Tactical Questioning”; DOD Directive 2310.1E, “The Department of Defense Detainee Program”; DOD instructions; and military execute orders including FRAGOs. Contract interrogators will operate only in fixed facilities and not in tactical operations. See DOD Instruction 3020.41 for additional information. K-3. External Support Contractor. Contract interrogators fall into the category of External Support Contractor. They work under contracts awarded by contracting officers serving under the command and procurement authority of supporting headquarters outside the theater. Their support augments the commander's organic capability. K-4. Contracting Officer Representative (COR). A COR is the contracting officer’s designated representative who assists in the technical monitoring and administration of a contract. Typically, a COR is responsible for assisting the contracting officer in contractor-employee day-to-day management of issues that may affect contractor or unit requirements. K-5. Statement of Work (SOW) or Performance Work Statement: • Contractor roles and functional requirements, as well as security issues and the relationship to the military chain of command, must be accurately and adequately defined in the SOW. The SOW should include a description of the essential service and require the contractor to prepare contingency plans to reasonably ensure continuation. Contractors are required to perform all tasks identified within the SOW and all other provisions defined within the contract. The SOW may also stipulate the appointment of a senior contractor at each echelon or facility to be the point of contact for the commander and the COR for resolving contract performance and scheduling challenges. • The contract must stipulate whether the duty of a senior contractor is an additional duty or the full-time job of the selected contractor. Considering that contractors are “managed” rather than “commanded,” having a senior contractor will assist the commander in managing the contract. Without an onsite contractor supervisor, the default chain of command for contract interrogators might otherwise reside in CONUSCONUSContinental United States, at the contractor’s headquarters. CIVILIAN STATUS K-6. A contract employee cannot be made to engage in any activity inconsistent with his civilian status such as serving as a crew member on a weapon system. Interrogations are presumptively consistent with civilian contractor status, but other tasks should be vetted with the command’s legal advisor to ensure they are legally permissible. COMMAND CONSIDERATIONS K-7. Theaters in which large-scale operations are conducted are very likely to employ contract interrogators, due to limited numbers of Army HUMINT collectors available. The presence of contractors in the AO adds an additional dimension to the commander’s planning process. Force protection is a critical issue. Even in "permissive" environments such as in the case of humanitarian operations, contractors may be placed in danger. The commander must protect his contractors since they have limited capacity to protect themselves. K-8. The commander has no command authority over contractor personnel. Their relationship with the Government is governed by the terms and conditions of their contract. In short, the commander must "manage" contractor personnel through the contracting process. He has no authority to command or discipline them unless it is a declared war, at which time contractors may fall under the provisions of the UCMJUCMJUniformed Code of Military Justice. This distinction between command and management does not prohibit the commander from directing contractors to carry out essential activities, such as activities related to security and safety, consistent with the terms of their contracts. K-9. The terms and conditions of any contract must be constructed so as to include provisions requiring contractor personnel to abide by all guidance and obey all instructions and general orders applicable to US Armed Forces and DOD civilians including those issued by the Theater Commander. The contractor can be required to "take reasonable steps" to ensure his personnel comply with the above and to ensure "the good conduct" of his employees. Furthermore, the contractor can be required to promptly resolve, to the satisfaction of the COR, all contractor employee performance and conduct problems identified by the COR. The COR can direct the contractor, at the contractor's expense (for example, a non-allowable charge to the contract) to remove and replace any contractor employee failing to comply with the above. This provides a significant tool to aid in achieving good order and discipline within an AO. The commander also has the authority to initiate proceedings that could lead to charges under Military Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act (MEJA) or the War Crimes Act. K-10. Contractors will be subject to the extraterritorial jurisdiction of the United States and will comply with all applicable law and policy. Applicable law and policy include US law; the law of war; relevant international law; relevant directives including DOD Directive 3115.09, “DOD Intelligence Interrogations, Detainee Debriefings, and Tactical Questioning”; DOD Directive 2310.1E, “The Department of Defense Detainee Program”; DOD instructions; and military execute orders including FRAGOs. Contractor misconduct may be subject to prosecution under federal jurisdiction pursuant to the MEJA or the War Crimes Act, or both. Procedures for initiating investigation into such misconduct will normally be established by the operational command. K-11. The operational command will also establish procedures for referral to federal civilian authorities and necessary pre-trial confinement. Contractors normally will also be subject to the criminal jurisdiction of the HN unless granted immunity from jurisdiction through the provisions of a SOFA or equivalent agreement, or unless the HN waives jurisdiction. As a general rule, contractors are not subject to the UCMJUCMJUniformed Code of Military Justice (with the possible exception for periods of formally declared war). K-12. The commander should expect contractors to use all means at their disposal to continue to provide essential services, in accordance with the terms and conditions of contracts, until the military releases them. The combatant commander determines when to execute contingency plans for essential services and when to release a contractor. INTERROGATOR CONTRACT CONSIDERATIONS K-13. Contracts should be written with the following principles and considerations: • Contractors will be deployable under all operational scenarios. They will be subject to the same time-phased force deployment data requirements as deploying military units. • The contractor information system will interface with the Standard Army Management Information System at both retail and wholesale levels. Army units should not have to contend with two separate information systems. • The contractors will provide interrogation support at fixed facilities as needed. During deployments, the commander (subject to contract terms and conditions) will determine where contractors operate in their AO. • The contractors will not replace force structure. They will augment Army capabilities and provide an additional option for meeting support requirements. • Force protection, including the protection of contractors, is the responsibility of commanders. • The unit must integrate contractor support into the overall support plan. Transportation of contractors on the battlefield must be planned. • Command and control of contract personnel is dependent upon terms and conditions of the contract. The contracting officer or his designated representative is the appointed liaison for monitoring contractor performance requirements and will ensure that contractors move material and personnel according to the combatant commander’s plan. A good technique is for the command to designate and train a unit COR or Contracting Officer’s Technical Representative (COTR) at each facility where contract interrogators will be working. Because international and domestic law, including SOFAs, affect the relationship between commanders and contract personnel, commanders and CORs should seek legal advice concerning issues arising during operations. • The unit must establish a contractor personnel reporting and accountability system. Again, a good technique is for the command to designate and train a unit COR or TCOR at each facility where contract interrogators will be working. • During deployments, contractors will live and work in field conditions comparable to those for the supported ARFOR. Living arrangements, transportation requirements, food, medical, and other support services will be provided according to the contract. These services may include but are not limited to–– • Non-routine medical and dental care. • Mess. • Quarters. • Special clothing, equipment, weapons, or training mandated by the applicable commander. • Mail. • Emergency notification. • Planning must be accomplished to ensure agreed upon support to contractors is available to the responsible commander. CONTRACT INTERROGATOR REQUIREMENTS SELECTION AND EMPLOYMENT CRITERIA K-14. Contract personnel must meet certain minimum requirements to be qualified to work as contract interrogators. It is the responsibility of the hiring contracting company to ensure that these criteria, set by the Government, are met by the personnel they hire. K-15. Policy will dictate employment criteria such as minimum education, military service, security clearance, and previous training. Certain civilian experience and training may also meet the policy requirements for contract interrogator qualifications. Commanders and CORs should refer to the current DA policy on contract interrogators for appropriate guidance. TRAINING REQUIREMENTS K-16. All contractor interrogators must successfully complete a training program approved by the United States Army Intelligence Center and Fort Huachuca, or the Defense HUMINT Management Office, which will serve as validation to perform MI interrogations (see DODDDODDDepartment of Defense directive 3115.09). The organization Commander or Director initiating the contract must certify that the training has been completed. The training program will ensure that contract interrogators are trained and certified on— • The most current TTP of interrogation as promulgated by DOD. • The applicable law and policy related to the treatment of detainees. Applicable law and policy include US law; the law of war; relevant international law; relevant directives including DOD Directive 3115.09, “DOD Intelligence Interrogations, Detainee Debriefings, and Tactical Questioning”; DOD Directive 2310.1E, “The Department of Defense Detainee Program”; DOD instructions; and military execute orders including FRAGOs. K-17. Contract interrogators must also receive training on the supported unit’s mission and Interrogation Counter-Resistance Policy pertinent to the AOR they are supporting. This training will be conducted in-theater by the gaining unit. EQUIPMENT K-18. Contractors must be issued personal protection gear appropriate for the threat environment. This may include ballistic helmet, personal body armor, NBC protective gear, and in certain circumstances a personal weapon. Contract interrogators must have access to automation equipment to support their mission of intelligence collection and reporting. UTILIZATION K-19. Only trained and certified contractors working under the supervision of MI personnel are authorized to conduct interrogations. Contract interrogators may conduct interrogations with an interpreter in the room; however, an OIC or NCONCONoncommissioned officer will monitor the interrogation by personal presence or by means of live video camera feed. K-20. Contract interrogators— • Will not supervise any military personnel or federal government employees, nor will they be in charge of interrogation facilities. • Will operate only in fixed facilities. This requirement provides a measure of force protection to the contract interrogator and frees up Army HUMINT collectors for tactical missions. • Must submit a written interrogation plan to the OIC or NCOIC, and receive approval for the plan, in advance of each interrogation. The plan will specify the information desired and identify what techniques and approaches for obtaining information will be used to conduct the interrogations. WORK LOCATIONS K-21. The commander may position contract interrogators in fixed detention facilities anywhere in the theater, in accordance with the terms and conditions of their contract. ATTIRE K-22. Contractors accompanying the force should be visibly distinct from soldiers so as not to jeopardize their status. The JTF or combatant commander may direct contract personnel to wear civilian clothing or a uniform that says “civilian.” Specific items of military attire required for safety or security may also be worn, such as chemical defense equipment, cold weather equipment, or mission specific safety equipment. FIRE ARMS K-23. A contractor authorized to accompany the force in the field is not entitled to be issued a firearm. However, a contract employee may be armed only if all of following conditions are met: • The theater commander grants his approval. • The employee's corporate policy allows it. • The employee agrees. K-24. If all three conditions are met, then the employee must pass proper military side-arm training and will be issued a military specification weapon and ammunition (generally, a 9-millimeter pistol) for personal protection. The contractor must also comply with all applicable DOD, service, and local command policies on weapons. RECOMMENDED READING DOD Instruction 3020.41. Contractor Personnel Authorized to Accompany the U.S. Armed Forces. 3 October 2005. AR 715-9. Contractors Accompanying the Force. 29 October 1999. DA Pamphlet 715-16. Contractor Deployment Guide. 27 February 1998. FM 3-100.21. Contractors on the Battlefield. 3 January 2003. FM 63-11. Logistics Support Element Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures. 8 October 1996. AMCAMCU.S. Army Materiel Command Pamphlet 715-18. AMCAMCU.S. Army Materiel Command Contracts and Contractors Supporting Military Operations. June 2000.

L-1. This materiel and equipment list is provided as a sample of what an HCT may require to support the commander’s intelligence requirements. Some of the equipment that is intended to be given to a source should be considered expendable. L-2. HCT Kit Bag - Assumes four-person configuration for each echelon. Regardless of support relationship (Organic/DS/GS/GSR), HCTs inherently require the following. L-3. Movement/Survivability/Security: • Two M998 1-¼ ton vehicle (or non-tactical vehicle as appropriate for mission) per team. • One crew/squad served weapon per team. • One M16A2 per team. • Three M4s per team. • Four 9mms per team. • M68 Aim-point System. • One x body armor with protective plate per team member. L-4. Collection and Reporting System - Hardware 1 x System per HCT: • Scaleable collection and reporting tool that changes configuration depending on where it is on the battlefield. • Should include an individual collection and reporting tool. • Should include a tool for stand-alone SIPRNET connectivity via satellite or other. L-5. Collection and Reporting System - Software 1 x per System: • Simple, intuitive Graphic User Interface (GUI). • Standardized Reports - SALUTE, IIR, Tactical Interrogation Report, Contact Report, BSD Report. (Policy states that once filled out, the BSD becomes classified; therefore, change policy or make the collection or reporting tool classified as well.) • Source Management Tool. • CI Investigations Reports. • Link Analysis (capable of interface with coalition systems––in this case, Analyst Notebook). • Mapping - Single, standardized tool (down to 1:12,500 scale maps, operational graphics, GPS interface). • Biometrics Integration/Biometrics Enrollment Tools (Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System [IAFIS]-compliant 10-print fingerprint scanners, iris scanners, photographing station). • Basic DOCEX application. • Foreign Language Translation. • Mission Planning Software. • Query Tools: basic, advanced, multi-entity, multi-media, save user-defined queries. L-6. Collection and Reporting System - Peripherals 1 x HCT: • Digital video/still. • Printer with print and scanner head (photo quality with ports for flash cards/memory sticks). • Separate collection kit for biometrics (ink/card packets and/or IAFIS-compliant live scanner, iris scanner). Must be FBI compliant and portable). • GPS. • Digital voice recorder (Universal Serial Bus [USB] interface). L-7. Communications - Requires organic communications systems to higher and laterally (non-line of sight and line of sight): • Intra-team communications - 1 x individual: • Secure or nonsecure (prefer secure). • Hands-free and/or handheld. • Team to all - 1 x HCT: • Secure. • FM/UHF/Microwave. • Line of sight. • Non-line of sight. • Voice. • Digital. • Cellular telephone: - Voice. - Backup for transmitting data. - GPS enabled. • Friendly force identification and tracking system. • HCT to Source - 2 sets x HCT: • Phone cards. • Cell phones. • Radios. • Email or “Blackberry-like” communications. • One-way pager. • Clandestine signaling. L-8. Source Support - 2 sets x HCT: • Source tracking (blue-force tracker-like capability). • Digital Voice Recorder (micro, USB interface). • Digital video or still camera, with telephoto lenses. • GPS. • 1 x 1Gb Thumb Drive. L-9. Data Storage - 1 x HCT: • 2 x hard drives (one for UNCLASS, one for SECRET). • 2 x Micro/Thumb, 1Gb drive (one for UNCLASS, one for SECRET). L-10. Power Generation - 1 x liquid fuel generator or high-capacity (12­ hour) (battery - silent, vehicle recharge), power source - 1 x HCT. L-11. 1 x Universal Power Conversion Kit per HCT and OMT. L-12. Vision Enhancement: • 2 x night vision goggles (NVG) per HCT. • 1 x thermal sensor per HCT. • 1 x binoculars per individual (4 each). • 1 x laser range finder per HCT. This page intentionally left blank.

M-1. As part of the Army's efforts to gain actionable intelligence in the war on terrorism, HUMINT collectors may be authorized, in accordance with this appendix, to employ the separation interrogation technique, by exception, to meet unique and critical operational requirements. The purpose of separation is to deny the detainee the opportunity to communicate with other detainees in order to keep him from learning counter-resistance techniques or gathering new information to support a cover story; decreasing the detainee's resistance to interrogation. Separation, further described in paragraphs M-2 and M-28, is the only restricted interrogation technique that may be authorized for use. Separation will only be used during the interrogation of specific unlawful enemy combatants for whom proper approvals have been granted in accordance with this appendix. However, separation may not be employed on detainees covered by Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (GPW), primarily enemy prisoners of war (EPWs). The separation technique will be used only at COCOMCOCOMCombatant commander-approved locations. Separation may be employed in combination with authorized interrogation approaches— • On specific unlawful enemy combatants. • To help overcome resistance and gain actionable intelligence. • To safeguard US and coalition forces. • To protect US interests. GENERAL M-2. This appendix provides doctrinal guidance for the use of separation as an interrogation technique. Separation involves removing the detainee from other detainees and their environment, while still complying with the basic standards of humane treatment and prohibitions against torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment, as defined in the Detainee Treatment Act of 2005 and addressed in GPW Article 3 (Common Article III). Separation is to be distinguished from segregation, which refers to removing a detainee from other detainees and their environment for legitimate purposes unrelated to interrogation, such as when necessary for the movement, health, safety and/or security of the detainee, or the detention facility or its personnel. This appendix— • Will be reviewed annually and may be amended or updated from time to time to account for changes in doctrine, policy, or law, and to address lessons learned. • Is not a stand-alone doctrinal product and must be used in conjunction with the main portion of this manua l. M-3. Careful consideration should be given prior to employing separation as an interrogation technique in order to mitigate the risks associated with its use. The use of separation should not be confused with the detainee-handling techniques approved in Appendix D. Specifically, the use of segregation during prisoner handling (Search, Silence, Segregate, Speed, Safeguard, and Tag [5 S's and a T]) should not be confused with the use of separation as a restricted interrogation technique. M-4. Members of all DOD Components are required to comply with the law of war during all armed conflicts, however such conflicts are characterized, and in all other military operations. Proper application of separation as a restricted interrogation technique in selective cases involving specific unlawful enemy combatants and in accordance with the safeguards outlined in this manual is consistent with the minimum humane standards of treatment required by US law, the law of war; and does not constitute cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment as defined in the Detainee Treatment Act of 2005 and addressed in GPW Common Article III. M-5. Use of separation for interrogation is authorized by exception. Separation will be applied on a case-by-case basis when there is a good basis to believe that the detainee is likely to possess important intelligence and the interrogation approach techniques provided in Chapter 8 are insufficient. Separation should be used as part of a well-orchestrated strategy involving the innovative application of unrestricted approach techniques. Separation requires special approval, judicious execution, special control measures, and rigorous oversight. M-6. Additionally, the use of separation as a restricted interrogation technique shall be conducted humanely in accordance with applicable law and policy. Applicable law and policy for purposes of this appendix include US law; the law of war; relevant international law; relevant directives including DOD Directive 3115.09, “DOD Intelligence Interrogations, Detainee Debriefings, and Tactical Questioning”; DOD Directive 2310.1E, “The Department of Defense Detainee Program”; DOD instructions; and military execute orders including FRAGOs. M-7. More stringent than normal safeguards must be applied when using the separation technique. Use of separation is subject to USD(I) oversight. Compared to approach techniques, there are two additional steps in the approval process (see Figure M-l) for the use of the separation technique: • First, the COCOMCOCOMCombatant commander Commander approves (after SJASJAStaff judge advocate review) use of the separation technique in theater. • Second, following the COCOMCOCOMCombatant commander Commander's approval, the first General Officer/Flag Officer (GO/FO) in an interrogator's chain of command approves each specific use of separation and the interrogation plan that implements separation (this is non-delegable). Interrogation supervisors shall have their servicing SJASJAStaff judge advocate review the interrogation plan before submitting it to the GO/FO for approval. Separation Technique Approval Separation Technique Approval Separation Technique Approval COCOMCOCOMCombatant commander Commander COCOMCOCOMCombatant commander Commander COCOMCOCOMCombatant commander Commander COCOMCOCOMCombatant commander Commander COCOMCOCOMCombatant commander Commander USD(I) USD(I) USD(I) USD(I) USD(I) Provides oversight of OSDOSDOffice of the Secretary of Defense Policy Provides oversight of OSDOSDOffice of the Secretary of Defense Policy Provides oversight of OSDOSDOffice of the Secretary of Defense Policy Provides oversight of OSDOSDOffice of the Secretary of Defense Policy Provides oversight of OSDOSDOffice of the Secretary of Defense Policy Approves overall use of interrogation approach techniques in theater. Approves overall use of interrogation approach techniques in theater. Approves overall use of interrogation approach techniques in theater. Approves overall use of interrogation approach techniques in theater. Approves overall use of interrogation approach techniques in theater. GO/FO GO/FO GO/FO GO/FO GO/FO Available Advice: SJASJAStaff judge advocate, BSC, Analysts Available Advice: SJASJAStaff judge advocate, BSC, Analysts Available Advice: SJASJAStaff judge advocate, BSC, Analysts Available Advice: SJASJAStaff judge advocate, BSC, Analysts Available Advice: SJASJAStaff judge advocate, BSC, Analysts Approves each interrogation plan that includes COCOMCOCOMCombatant commander-authorized use of separation. Approves all extensions or additional iterations. Approves each interrogation plan that includes COCOMCOCOMCombatant commander-authorized use of separation. Approves all extensions or additional iterations. Approves each interrogation plan that includes COCOMCOCOMCombatant commander-authorized use of separation. Approves all extensions or additional iterations. Approves each interrogation plan that includes COCOMCOCOMCombatant commander-authorized use of separation. Approves all extensions or additional iterations. Approves each interrogation plan that includes COCOMCOCOMCombatant commander-authorized use of separation. Approves all extensions or additional iterations. Interrogation Unit Interrogation Unit Interrogation Unit Interrogation Unit Interrogation Unit Reviews interrogation plans that include use of COCOMCOCOMCombatant commander-approved use of separation. Plans, prepares, executes, and assesses their use. Reviews interrogation plans that include use of COCOMCOCOMCombatant commander-approved use of separation. Plans, prepares, executes, and assesses their use. Reviews interrogation plans that include use of COCOMCOCOMCombatant commander-approved use of separation. Plans, prepares, executes, and assesses their use. Reviews interrogation plans that include use of COCOMCOCOMCombatant commander-approved use of separation. Plans, prepares, executes, and assesses their use. Reviews interrogation plans that include use of COCOMCOCOMCombatant commander-approved use of separation. Plans, prepares, executes, and assesses their use. Interrogator Interrogator Interrogator Interrogator Interrogator Interrogation Supervisor Interrogation Supervisor Interrogation Supervisor Interrogation Supervisor Interrogation Supervisor Develops interrogation plan based on screening and assessment of source’s intelligence value and level of cooperation. Develops interrogation plan based on screening and assessment of source’s intelligence value and level of cooperation. Develops interrogation plan based on screening and assessment of source’s intelligence value and level of cooperation. Develops interrogation plan based on screening and assessment of source’s intelligence value and level of cooperation. Develops interrogation plan based on screening and assessment of source’s intelligence value and level of cooperation. Reviews interrogation plan for necessity and appropriateness of requested use of separation. Ensures that proper safeguards and support are stipulated. Reviews interrogation plan for necessity and appropriateness of requested use of separation. Ensures that proper safeguards and support are stipulated. Reviews interrogation plan for necessity and appropriateness of requested use of separation. Ensures that proper safeguards and support are stipulated. Reviews interrogation plan for necessity and appropriateness of requested use of separation. Ensures that proper safeguards and support are stipulated. Reviews interrogation plan for necessity and appropriateness of requested use of separation. Ensures that proper safeguards and support are stipulated. M-8. The employment of separation requires notification, acknowledgment, and periodic review, in accordance with USD(I) Memorandum, "(S//NF) Guidance for the Conduct and Oversight of Defense Human Intelligence (HUMINT) (U)," dated 14 December 2004. This means that after the separation is approved for use by COCOMs, the I&WS must be notified as soon as practical. The Office of the Secretary of Defense will review these activities periodically in accordance with DOD Directive 3115.09. M-9. The planning process for the employment of standard interrogation operations also applies to the employment of the separation technique (see Chapter 4). RESPONSIBILITIES M-10. Commanders of interrogation or detention facilities and forces employing the approved separation technique are responsible for compliance with applicable law and policy. Commanders must understand that separation poses a higher risk to the detainee than do standard techniques, and so require strenuous oversight to avoid misapplication and potential abuse. M-11. The interrogation chain of command must coordinate the interrogation plan with the detention operations commander. Close coordination must occur between intelligence personnel and personnel responsible for detainee operations, including MP, security forces, Master at Arms, and other individuals providing security for detainees (hereafter referred to as guards). Guards do not conduct intelligence interrogations and, in accordance with DOD Directive 3115.09, will not set the conditions for interrogations. Guards may support interrogators as requested for detainee custody, control, escort, and/or additional security (for example, for combative detainees), in accordance with paragraphs 5-57 through 5-66 and FM 3-19.40, JP 3-63, and the approved interrogation plan. M-12. The detention operations commander (in conjunction with the MI commander) may convene a multidiscipline custody and control oversight team including, but not limited to, MP, MI, BSC (if available), and legal representatives. The team can advise and provide measures to ensure effective custody and control in compliance with applicable law and policy. M-13. Commanders must consider the following when employing separation: • Is separation directed against the appropriate individual and is it necessary for collecting important intelligence? • Does separation complement the overall interrogation strategy and interrogation approach technique or techniques? • Is the application of separation with the specific detainee at issue consistent with humane treatment and in accordance with applicable law and policy? M-14. Planning for the use of separation requires coordination with staff elements that provide support to interrogation operations. Staff elements that support interrogation facilities and forces employing separation will comply with paragraphs 4-59 and 4-60 and all controls and safeguards identified in paragraphs M-17 through M-26. GENERAL CONTROLS AND SAFEGUARDS HUMANE TREATMENT M-15. All captured or detained personnel shall be treated humanely at all times and in accordance with DOD Directive 3115.09, "DOD Intelligence Interrogations, Detainee Debriefings, and Tactical Questioning"; DOD Directive 2310.1E, “Department of Defense Detainee Program,” and no person in the custody or under the control of the DOD, regardless of nationality or physical location, shall be subject to cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment as defined in US law, including the Detainee Treatment Act of 2005. All intelligence interrogations, debriefings, or tactical questioning to gain intelligence from captured or detained personnel shall be conducted in accordance with applicable law and policy. M-16. Any inhumane treatment—including abusive practices, torture, or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment as defined in US law, including the Detainee Treatment Act of 2005—is prohibited and all instances of such treatment will be reported immediately in accordance with paragraph 5-69 thru 5-72. Beyond being impermissible, these unlawful and unauthorized forms of treatment are unproductive because they may yield unreliable results, damage subsequent collection efforts, and result in extremely negative consequences at national and international levels. Review by the servicing SJASJAStaff judge advocate is required prior to using separation. Each interrogation plan must include specific safeguards to be followed: limits on duration, interval between applications, and termination criteria. Medical personnel will be available to respond in the event a medical emergency occurs. FM 2-22.3 REQUIREMENTS M-17. Separation must be employed in accordance with the standards in this manual. These standards include the following: • Prohibitions against abusive and unlawful actions (see para 5-75) and against the employment of military working dogs in the conduct of interrogation (see paras 5-59 and 8-2). • Requirement for non-DOD agencies to observe the same standards for the conduct of interrogation operations and treatment of detainees when in DOD facilities (see para 5-55). • Prohibition on guards conducting intelligence interrogations or taking any actions to set the conditions for interrogations. Humane treatment, evacuation, custody and control (reception, processing, administration, internment, and safety) of detainees; force protection; and the operation of the internment facility are discussed in paragraphs 5-57 through 5-66. (FM 3-19.40 and JP 3-63 also thoroughly discuss detainee operations.) • Assignment of ISNs to all detainees in DOD control, whether or not interrogation has commenced, as soon as possible; normally within 14 days of capture. (See AR 190-8 and Secretary of Defense Memorandum dated 20 September 2005, "(S//NF) Policy on Assigning Detainee Internment Serial Numbers (ISN)(U)." • Access to detainees by the ICRC. REPORTING OF ABUSES AND SUSPECTED ABUSES M-18. As an interrogation technique, separation is particularly sensitive due to the possibility that it could be perceived as an impermissible act. Interrogators applying the separation technique and the chain of command supervising must be acutely sensitive to the application of the technique to ensure that the line between permissible or lawful actions and impermissible or unlawful actions is distinct and maintained. Therefore, HUMINT collectors should have heightened awareness and understanding of the risks, control measures, and safeguards associated with the use of separation. Any interrogation technique that appears to be cruel, inhuman, or degrading as defined in US law; or impermissibly coercive, or is not listed in this manual, is prohibited and should be reported immediately to the chain of command or other appropriate channels for resolution. Orders given to treat detainees inhumanely are unlawful. Every interrogator must know how to respond to orders that the individual interrogator perceives to be unlawful (see paras 5-80 through 5-82). M-19. If the order is a lawful order, it should be obeyed. Failure to obey a lawful order is an offense under the UCMJUCMJUniformed Code of Military Justice. COMMAND POLICY AND OPERATION ORDERS M-20. The provisions of this appendix must be written into COCOMCOCOMCombatant commander policy and/or OPORDs when using the restricted interrogation technique of separation. MEDICAL M-21. Commanders are responsible to ensure that detainees undergoing separation during interrogation receive adequate health care as described in greater detail in paragraph 5-91. TRAINING AND CERTIFICATION M-22. Only those DOD interrogators who have been trained and certified by the United States Army Intelligence Center (USAIC), or other Defense HUMINT Management Office (DHMO) designated agency, in accordance with guidance established by USD(I) to use separation, are authorized to employ this technique. The training must meet certification standards established by the Defense HUMINT Manager in coordination with applicable DOD components. Properly trained and certified contract interrogators are authorized to initiate interrogation plans that request the use separation, and, once the plan is approved, to employ the technique in accordance with the provisions of this appendix and Appendix K. Contract interrogators will always be utilized under the supervision and control of US government or military personnel (see para K-19 and K-20). Non-DOD personnel conducting interrogations in DOD facilities must be certified by their agency and separately gain approval (through their agency's chain of command) for the additional technique described in this appendix. They must present this written certification and agency approval to the COCOMCOCOMCombatant commander before use is permitted (see para 5-55). PLANNING M-23. Planning for the use of separation must include— • An interrogation plan that addresses safeguards, limits of duration, interval between applications, termination criteria, and presence of qualified medical personnel for emergencies (see Figure M-2). • A provision for detainees to be checked periodically in accordance with command health care directives, guidance, and SOPs applicable to all detainees. • A legal review. • Documentation of the use of separation, including photographs and/or videotaping, if appropriate and available (see para 5-54). M-24. Separation is only authorized for use in interrogation operations, not for other Military Source Operations. Separation may be approved for use in combination with authorized approach techniques. General controls and safeguards contained in this manual must be applied during the use separation, in conjunction with the safeguards specific to the separation technique. Planning must consider the possible cumulative effect of using multiple techniques and take into account the age, sex, and health of detainees, as appropriate. TECHNICAL CONTROL M-25. Requests for approval of separation will be forwarded (for information purposes only) via secure means through intelligence technical channels at the same time as they are sent through command channels. Intelligence technical channels are those used for forwarding of source information and technical parameters of collection operations from lower to higher and passing tasking specifics, source information, technical control measures, and other sensitive information from higher to lower. The technical chain extends from the HCT through the OMT and Operations Section (if one exists) to the C/J/G/S2X. APPLICATION OF SEPARATION TECHNIQUE M-26. The purpose of separation is to deny the detainee the opportunity to communicate with other detainees in order to keep him from learning counter-resistance techniques or gathering new information to support a cover story, decreasing the detainee's resistance to interrogation. Separation does not constitute sensory deprivation, which is prohibited. For the purposes of this manual, sensory deprivation is defined as an arranged situation causing significant psychological distress due to a prolonged absence, or significant reduction, of the usual external stimuli and perceptual opportunities. Sensory deprivation may result in extreme anxiety, hallucinations, bizarre thoughts, depression, and anti-social behavior. Detainees will not be subjected to sensory deprivation. M-27. Physical separation is the best and preferred method of separation. As a last resort, when physical separation of detainees is not feasible, goggles or blindfolds and earmuffs may be utilized as a field expedient method to generate a perception of separation. M-28. Objectives: • Physical Separation: Prevent the detainee from communicating with other detainees (which might increase the detainee's resistance to interrogation) and foster a feeling of futility. • Field Expedient Separation: Prolong the shock of capture. Prevent the detainee from communicating with other detainees (which might increase the detainee's resistance to interrogation) and foster a feeling of futility. M-29. Safeguards: • Duration: Self-explanatory. • Physical Separation: Limited to 30 days of initial duration. • Field Expedient Separation: Limited to 12 hours of initial duration at the initial interrogation site. This limit on duration does not include the time that goggles or blindfolds and earmuffs are used on detainees for security purposes during transit and evacuation. • Oversight Considerations for Field Expedient Separation: ƒ The intended use of field expedient means of separation must be specified on the interrogation plan that is submitted to the GO/FO for approval. ƒ Detainees must be protected from self-injury when field expedient means of separation are used. The effect of the application of field expedient separation means on the detainee must be monitored to detect any possible health concerns. M-30. The following safeguards apply to both Physical Separation and Field Expedient Separation. • Break: Additional periods of separation will not be applied without the approving GO/FO's determination of the length of a break between iterations. • Extension: ƒ Physical Separation Method : Extensions of this technique past 30 days must be reviewed by the servicing SJASJAStaff judge advocate and approved by the original approving GO/FO or his replacement in that position. ƒ Field Expedient Method: Extensions past 12 hours of initial duration at the initial interrogation site must be reviewed by the servicing SJASJAStaff judge advocate and approved by the original approving/replacement GO/FO. ƒ Medical: Detainees will be checked periodically in accordance with command health care directives, guidance, and SOPs applicable to all detainees. ƒ Custody and Control: The interrogation chain of command must coordinate the interrogation plan with the Detention Operations Commander. The Detention Operations Commander (in conjunction with the MI commander) may convene a multidiscipline custody and control oversight team including, but not limited to, MP, MI, BSC (if available), and legal representatives. The team can advise and provide measures to ensure effective custody and control in compliance with the requirements of applicable law and policy. • Oversight Considerations: ƒ Use of hoods (sacks) over the head, or of duct tape or adhesive tape over the eyes, as a separation method is prohibited. ƒ If separation has been approved, and the interrogator subsequently determines that there may be a problem, the interrogator should seek further guidance through the chain of command before applying the technique. ƒ Care should be taken to protect the detainee from exposure (in accordance with all appropriate standards addressing excessive or inadequate environmental conditions) to— − Excessive noise. − Excessive dampness. − Excessive or inadequate heat, light, or ventilation. − Inadequate bedding and blankets. − Interrogation activity leadership will periodically monitor the application of this technique. ƒ Use of separation must not preclude the detainee getting four hours of continuous sleep every 24 hours. ƒ Oversight should account for moving a detainee from one environment to another (thus a different location) or arrangements to modify the environment within the same location in accordance with the approved interrogation plan. M-31. Suggested Approach Combinations: • Futility. • Incentive. • Fear Up.

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